BEAR INFORMATION




AMERICAN BLACK BEAR: (Ursus americanus)


Distribution:

Throughout North America - from northern Alaska,across Canada to northern Mexico and southern Florida.

Numbers:

Approximately 600,000

Threats:

Gall bladder market, poaching, habitat loss and hunting.




INTERESTING FACT:

Bears eat grass when they emerge from their dens after hibernation - this is supposedly to start the alimentary system functioning normally again.





BROWN BEAR: (Ursus arctos)


Distribution:

North America, across Europe and through Asia to Japan.

Numbers:

Approximately 150,000


Threats:

Widespread habitat destruction, hunted for sport, game and gall bladders. Used as dancing bears in Asia and Europe.




INTERESTING FACT:

Pregnancy:
Cubs are born approximately 6 months from conception to birth. A process called 'Delayed Implantation' occurs after conception which delays the actual gestation to ensure that the cubs are born at a time during hibernation when they have the greatest chance of survival.

The fertilized eggs become tiny embryos and undergo the initial divisions common to mammals, but they do not then attach to the uterine wall immediately. Each embryo floats free in the uteris until autumn when it becomes implanted in the uterine wall.

When the cubs are born during denning, the mother is barely aware of it due to deep hibernating sleep and the small size of the cubs.The cubs wriggle their own way to the mother's nipples and start nursing.




SLOTH BEAR: (Melursus ursinus)


Distribution:

Only found in dry forests of India, Nepal, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka.

Numbers:

Unknown - but believed to be less than 10,000 in the world

Threats:

Destruction of forest habitat, hunted for gall bladders, poached for dancing bears.

General Interest:

The Sloth bear has no front teeth and a 'tubular' shaped mouth ,with hollowed-out palate, for sucking termites and other insects out of their tunnels.Termites and honey are their favourite food.





SPECTACLED BEAR: (Tremarctos ornatus)


Distribution:

South America, including Venezuela,Columbia,Ecuador,Peru,Bolivia and Chile.

Numbers:

3,000 to 6,000.

Threats:

Destruction of natural habitat, hunting and the gall bladder market.

General Interest:

The Spectacled bear is so named because of its facial markings, which sometimes circle the eyes, but mostly these markings are variable.




INTERESTING FACT:

Bears are reputed to be nearsighted but they do in fact have keen eyes. They rely more heavily though on their sense of smell and their sharp hearing.



POLAR BEAR: (Ursus maritimus)


Distribution:

All Arctic nations from USA,Canada,Greenland,Norway to Russia.

Numbers:

Around 25,000 in the wild.

Threats:

Oil spillage and exploitation in their habitat.

General Interest:

Polar bears eat mainly seals (ringed and bearded) as well as eggs,rodents and berries in the summer thaw.



INTERESTING FACT:


Polar bears have an incredible resistance to the cold due to:
  • The outer hairs of their coat (guard hairs) are not white but clear and hollow. The coat releases almost no heat at all, instead the hollow,clear hairs trap the ultra-violet radiation and conduct it to the bears skin, which is black and absorbs the heat.The radiation is caught from all directions and only flows inwards towards the skin. This is 95% efficient in converting the rays into usable heat.

  • A layer of fat, which can be as much as 10cm thick, beneath the skin, provides insulation and also buoyancy for swimming.

  • The circulatory system incorporates a 'counter-current' to cool the blood as it flows towards the body surface and warm it on the return flow.




ASIATIC BEAR: (Ursus thibetanus)

Distribution:

Found throughout Asia: Pakistan,China,Japan,Taiwan,Laos,Thailand, Vietnam and Burma.

Numbers:

Estimated at 50,000 , but unknown.

Threats:

The gall bladder trade and habitat destruction.




SUN BEAR: (Helarctos malayanus)


Distribution:

Now found only in Burma,Thailand,Cambodia,Laos,Vietnam,Borneo, and the Indonesian Island of Sumatra.

Numbers:

Least known of all bear species. Remaining numbers may be under 10,000.

Threats:

Large scale habitat destruction by logging industry. Poached as exotic pets and killed for their gall bladder.

General Interest:

Sun bears have long,sharp,sickle-shaped claws for climbing trees and tearing out insect nests to reach grubs or honey.




Photographs:
  • Robert Elman - Bears, A Portrait of the Animal World.
  • Larry Aumiller